The slaked lime dried and reacted with the air forming calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) in which the aggregate was evenly distributed. On to this they added three other coats of a mixture of slaked lime and fine sand or crushed marble to give a smoother finish. This was often three layers thick and composed of slaked lime (calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2.) and coarse sand (or volcanic pozzolana). On to the surface of the wall they applied a rough coat of mortar. The wall paintings in Pompeii were executed using the fresco technique.
There are many references to Roman art in other mediums such as wood, ivory, and other materials but the fact frescos are more durable and have survived well, even being buried under tons of ash, gives us a good reason to study them as a window to the other arts. It is clear the ancient Romans decorated the interior walls of their houses with paintings executed on wet plaster, a technique known as fresco (meaning on fresh plaster). Can fresco painting tell us anything about the development of art in the Ancient Roman Period?.Why is the wall art or fresco painting so important?.So despite the lack of physical evidence of other forms, it is reasonable to assume that many other art objects would have shown subjects similar to those found on the painted walls. Many of these motifs were derived from pattern books carried by the artists.
Depending on the function of the room, walls might be painted with imaginary architecture, still life, mythological scenes, or purely decorative motifs. Many of the wall paintings or frescos adorned walls not just inside rich villas, but also inside private houses and public buildings. It is perhaps the most obvious feature of Roman art. One thing that strikes all visitors to Pompeii and Herculaneum is the amount of colour on the walls of the buildings. Our knowledge has been enhanced by more systematic and scientific excavations in recent years. Organic materials were better preserved at Herculaneum as carbonised materials (see the wine shop figure 1) because of the pyroclastic surges.įigure 1: Wine shop at Herculaneum showing gallery and amphorae Houses and villas with their furniture, food, people, jewellery and pets have been preserved. Pompeii and Herculaneum have been described as towns frozen in time.
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